TMJ Disorders

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most unique joints in the human body, responsible for the movement of the jaw during everyday functions such as speaking and chewing. Problems with this joint can cause jaw pain, stiffness, and difficulty opening or closing the mouth.

The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) connect your lower jaw to your skull, located just in front of each ear. These joints help you talk, chew, yawn, and move your jaw smoothly. Because they’re used so often, problems with the joint, nearby muscles, or alignment can cause pain and dysfunction—this is known as a TMJ disorder (TMD).

Common Symptoms of TMJ Disorders

  • Jaw pain or tenderness
  • Clicking, popping, or grinding sounds when opening or closing the mouth
  • Difficulty chewing or pain with eating/chewing
  • Limited jaw movement or jaw locking
  • Headaches, earaches, or facial pain
  • Pain around the neck or shoulders

What Causes TMJ Disorders?
TMJ disorders can be caused by a combination of factors, including:

  • Jaw injury or trauma
  • Teeth grinding (bruxism) or clenching though there is not much evidence that

    clenching/teeth grinding alone can be a major contributing factor

  • Stress and muscle tension
  • Arthritis in the jaw joint
  • Systemic medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis etc.

Treatment Options
Most TMJ issues can be treated conservatively without surgery. Common approaches include:

  • Eating soft foods
  • Applying ice or moist heat
  • Avoiding extreme jaw movements (like wide yawning or chewing gum)
  • Custom oral appliances (nightguards or splints) can be helpful in specific cases especially in combination with other treatment modalities
  • Physical medicine modalities like physical therapy and jaw exercises
  • Stress management techniques
  • Anti-inflammatory or muscle-relaxing medications when indicated

Surgery is rarely needed but may be considered for severe cases.